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Calculate your percent error as follows: % Error = The modern accepted value is 1.76 × 1011. What is your calculated value for the charge-to-mass ratio for an electron (q/me)? 1.706 × 1011 Q / me = 5.0826 × 1012 ⋅ V ⋅ d B 2 where V = the electric field in volts, d = the deflected distance from center in cm after applying just the voltage, and B = magnetic field in µT. In a simplified and reduced form, the charge-to-mass ratio (q/me) can be calculated as follows: What magnetic field creates a magnetic force that balances the electric force? 44 µT Summarize your data. Increase the magnetic field strength until the spot reaches the center of the screen. Increase the voltage of the Electric Field so the spot is 5 cm left of center. Where should the signal on the phosphor screen be if the electric and magnetic forces are balanced? in the center of the phosphor screen 6. What happens to the spot on the phosphor screen? The spot moves to the left. Set the Magnetic Field back to zero and set the Electric Field to 10 V. Clicking between digits moves the decimal point.) What happens to the spot from the electron gun on the phosphor screen? The spot moves to the right. (Click buttons above and below the digits in the meter to raise and lower the value. Push the Grid button on the phosphor screen, and set the Magnetic Field to 30 µT. It may be helpful to drag the lab window down and left and the phosphor screen window up and right in order to minimize overlap. What do you observe? a spot in the center of the phosphor screen The phosphor screen detects charged particles (such as electrons) and it glows momentarily at the positions where the particles impact the screen. Turn on the Phosphor Screen by clicking on the red/green light switch. electron gun What type of charge do electrons have? negative What detector is used in this experiment? a phosphor screen 3. What source is used in this experiment? Drag your cursor over to the source to identify it. The lab will open in the Quantum laboratory. Start Virtual ChemLab and select Thomson Cathode Ray Tube Experiment from the list of assignments. Thomson could not obtain either in his cathode ray tube experiments and had to be satisfied with just the charge-to-mass ratio.
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Knowing the charge-to-mass ratio (q/me) and either the charge on the electron or the mass of the electron would allow you to calculate the other. In 1897, Thomson showed that if you could measure how far a beam of electrons was bent in an electric field and in a magnetic field, you could determine the charge-to-mass ratio (q/me) for the particles (electrons). John Joseph (J.J.) Thomson was a physics professor at the famous Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University. In order to understand the nature of these particles, scientists wanted to know how much charge they carried and how much they weighed. VCL 2-1: Thomson Cathode Ray Tube Experiment As scientists began to examine atoms, their first discovery was that they could extract negatively charged particles from atoms.